En este artículo se desarrollara cómo implica la motivación y emociones en la psicología.
Motivación
Factores que dirigen y activan el comportamiento de los seres humanos y de otro organismo.
Emociones
Sentimiento que subyace en la conducta. un estado complejo y multifactorial que se traduce en cambios físicos y psicológicos.
Motivación extrínseca e intrínseca
- Extrínseca: deseo de realizar una conducta para obtener una recompensa externa o para evitar un castigo.
- Intrínseca: deseo de realizar una conducta que surge a partir de la misma conducta realizada.
Principales teorías de la motivación
La teoría de los instintos-Psicología evolucionista
Los instintos son patrones específicos de conducta innata característicos de toda una especie. Enfoque y subcampo de la psicología que se interesa en los orígenes evolutivos de las conductas y los procesos mentales, su valor adaptativo y los propósitos que siguen cumpliendo.
La teoría de los instintos empezó a perder terreno como explicación de la conducta humana por tres razones:
- La conducta humana más importante es aprendida
- La conducta humana rara vez es rígida, inflexible, inalterable y común a toda la especie, como sucede con los instintos
- Permite atribuir cada conducta humana concebible a un instinto correspondiente.
La teoría de la reducción de impulsos
La conducta motivada es un intento por reducir este estado desagradable de tensión del cuerpo y regresarlo a un estado de homeostasis o equilibrio. Las pulsiones se dividen en dos categorías. Las pulsiones primarias no son aprendidas, se encuentran en todos y los motivan la conducta que es vital para el desarrollo del individuo.
La teoría de la excitación
Enfoques de la motivación basados en la reducción de impulsos: teorías según las cuales la falta de un elemento biológico básico, como el agua, produce un impulso por obtener ese elemento. Un impulso es una tensión o excitación motivacional que activa el comportamiento para satisfacer una necesidad. Muchos impulsos básicos, como el hambre, la sed, el sueño y el sexo, se relacionan con necesidades biológicas del cuerpo o de la especie en su conjunto.
CITA EN NORMAS APA: Mardaysss, P. (2021a, 11 de julio). Emociones y motivación ¿Qué es y cuales son las principales teorías? Recuperado el 24 de julio de 2021, sitio web de Mardaysss.com: https://mardaysss.com/motivacion-y-emociones/
Los enfoques basados en la activación pretenden explicar el comportamiento cuya meta es mantener o aumentar la excitación. Según los enfoques de la motivación basados en la activación, cada persona trata de mantener cierto nivel de estimulación y actividad. Como el enfoque de reducción de impulsos, este paradigma señala que si nuestra estimulación y actividad se elevan demasiado, tratamos de reducirlos.
La jerarquía de Maslow
La jerarquía de Maslow muestra cómo asciende nuestra motivación por la pirámide, desde las necesidades biológicas más amplias y elementales hasta las más elevadas de la autorrealización o estado de realización personal. Necesidades fisiológicas Impulsos primarios: necesidades de agua, alimento, sueño y sexo Necesidades de seguridad Necesidad de un ambiente sano y seguro Amor y pertenencia Necesidad de obtener y dar afecto y estimar la necesidad de desarrollar un sentido de valía persona.
Tipos de Motivación
- Intrínseca
- Extrínseca
- Trascendental
Elemento más importante de la motivación
El elemento de la motivación en este caso es la activación y esta implica la decisión de iniciar y terminar un comportamiento.
Emociones
Por ejemplo, puede ser llamado como sentimiento, como el temor, la alegría o la sorpresa, que subyace en la conducta. un estado complejo y multifactorial que traduce cambios físicos y psicológicos.
Principales teorías de información
Propuesta de James-Lange: planteamiento según el cual la experiencia emocional es una reacción a sucesos corporales que ocurren como resultado de una situación externa.
Teoría de las emociones de Cannon-Bard: la activación fisiológica como la experiencia emocional son un producto simultáneo del mismo estímulo nervioso.
Teoría de Schachter-Singer: las emociones las determinan el tipo de activación fisiológica y su interpretación, según señales ambientales.
CITA NORMAS APA: Mardaysss, P. (2021a, 11 de julio). Emociones y motivación ¿Qué es y cuales son las principales teorías? Recuperado el 24 de julio de 2021, sitio web de Mardaysss.com: https://mardaysss.com/motivacion-y-emociones/
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